Uzbek is the primary language used in the Fergana Valley, written mostly Latin script and sometimes in Cyrillic script. Russian is widely understood, especially among older generations and in cities. English language skills are growing in younger populations, but expect minimal English outside of tourism-related businesses or services.

Learning basic Uzbek phrases helps tremendously: “Salom” (hello), “Rahmat” (thank you), “Qancha?” (how much). Translation apps (e.g., Deepl or Google Translate) can be really useful to communicate your needs or wants. Locals are patient and helpful despite language barriers so just try the best you can. Hiring a local guide not only enhances cultural understanding, but it facilitates communication with artisans and in non-touristy areas as the guide acts as a kind of translator.